如何在运行 Amazon Linux 2 的 EC2 实例上安装来自 Extras 库的软件包？
上次更新日期：2020 年 10 月 7 日
如何在运行 Amazon Linux 2 的 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) 实例上安装来自 amazon-linux-extras 存储库的软件包（称为主题）？
简短描述
要安装来自 Extras 库的软件包，请首先确认您的实例上已经安装了 amazon-linux-extras 存储库。然后列出可用的软件包，启用您需要的软件包，再使用 yum 命令安装该软件包。
注意：此解决方法适用于 Amazon Linux 2。这些步骤不适用于 Amazon Linux 1 2018.03。
解决方法
2. 使用 which 命令确认已经安装了 amazon-linux-extras 软件包：
$ which amazon-linux-extras
/usr/bin/amazon-linux-extras如果尚未安装 amazon-linux-extras 软件包，则使用 yum 命令进行安装：
$ sudo yum install -y amazon-linux-extras3. 列出可用的主题。
注意：存储库会定期更新，因此您看到的主题和版本可能与以下列表中显示的不同。
$ amazon-linux-extras
0 ansible2 available [ =2.4.2 =2.4.6 ]
2 httpd_modules available [ =1.0 ]
3 memcached1.5 available [ =1.5.1 ]
4 nginx1.12 available [ =1.12.2 ]
5 postgresql9.6 available [ =9.6.6 =9.6.8 ]
6 postgresql10 available [ =10 ]
8 redis4.0 available [ =4.0.5 =4.0.10 ]
9 R3.4 available [ =3.4.3 ]
10 rust1 available [ =1.22.1 =1.26.0 =1.26.1 =1.27.2 =1.31.0 ]
11 vim available [ =8.0 ]
13 ruby2.4 available [ =2.4.2 =2.4.4 ]
15 php7.2 available [ =7.2.0 =7.2.4 =7.2.5 =7.2.8 =7.2.11 =7.2.13 =7.2.14 =7.2.16 ]
16 php7.1 available [ =7.1.22 =7.1.25 =7.1.27 ]
17 lamp-mariadb10.2-php7.2 available [ =10.2.10_7.2.0 =10.2.10_7.2.4 =10.2.10_7.2.5 =10.2.10_7.2.8 =10.2.10_7.2.11 =10.2.10_7.2.13 =10.2.10_7.2.14 =10.2.10_7.2.16 ]
18 libreoffice available [ =5.0.6.2_15 =5.3.6.1 ]
19 gimp available [ =2.8.22 ]
20 docker=latest available [ =17.12.1 =18.03.1 =18.06.1 ]
21 mate-desktop1.x available [ =1.19.0 =1.20.0 ]
22 GraphicsMagick1.3 available [ =1.3.29 ]
23 tomcat8.5 available [ =8.5.31 =8.5.32 =8.5.38 ]
24 epel available [ =7.11 ]
25 testing available [ =1.0 ]
26 ecs available [ =stable ]
27 corretto8 available [ =1.8.0_192 =1.8.0_202 ]
28 firecracker available [ =0.11 ]
29 golang1.11 available [ =1.11.3 ]
30 squid4 available [ =4 ]
31 php7.3 available [ =7.3.2 =7.3.3 ]
32 lustre2.10 available [ =2.10.5 ]
33 java-openjdk11 available [ =11 ]
34 lynis available [ =stable ]4. 启用需要的主题。输出将显示安装所需的命令。例如，要启用 PHP 7.2 主题，请使用以下命令：
$ sudo amazon-linux-extras enable php7.2
0 ansible2 available [ =2.4.2 =2.4.6 ]
2 httpd_modules available [ =1.0 ]
3 memcached1.5 available [ =1.5.1 ]
4 nginx1.12 available [ =1.12.2 ]
5 postgresql9.6 available [ =9.6.6 =9.6.8 ]
6 postgresql10 available [ =10 ]
8 redis4.0 available [ =4.0.5 =4.0.10 ]
9 R3.4 available [ =3.4.3 ]
10 rust1 available [ =1.22.1 =1.26.0 =1.26.1 =1.27.2 =1.31.0 ]
11 vim available [ =8.0 ]
13 ruby2.4 available [ =2.4.2 =2.4.4 ]
15 php7.2=latest enabled [ =7.2.0 =7.2.4 =7.2.5 =7.2.8 =7.2.11 =7.2.13 =7.2.14 =7.2.16 ]
_ php7.1 available [ =7.1.22 =7.1.25 =7.1.27 ]
17 lamp-mariadb10.2-php7.2 available [ =10.2.10_7.2.0 =10.2.10_7.2.4 =10.2.10_7.2.5 =10.2.10_7.2.8 =10.2.10_7.2.11 =10.2.10_7.2.13 =10.2.10_7.2.14 =10.2.10_7.2.16 ]
18 libreoffice available [ =5.0.6.2_15 =5.3.6.1 ]
19 gimp available [ =2.8.22 ]
20 docker=latest available [ =17.12.1 =18.03.1 =18.06.1 ]
21 mate-desktop1.x available [ =1.19.0 =1.20.0 ]
22 GraphicsMagick1.3 available [ =1.3.29 ]
23 tomcat8.5 available [ =8.5.31 =8.5.32 =8.5.38 ]
24 epel available [ =7.11 ]
25 testing available [ =1.0 ]
26 ecs available [ =stable ]
27 corretto8 available [ =1.8.0_192 =1.8.0_202 ]
28 firecracker available [ =0.11 ]
29 golang1.11 available [ =1.11.3 ]
30 squid4 available [ =4 ]
_ php7.3 available [ =7.3.2 =7.3.3 ]
32 lustre2.10 available [ =2.10.5 ]
33 java-openjdk11 available [ =11 ]
34 lynis available [ =stable ]
Now you can install:
# yum clean metadata
# yum install php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd5. 使用 yum 命令安装主题。例如，要安装 PHP 7.2 主题，请使用以下命令：
$ sudo yum clean metadata && sudo yum install php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd6. 使用以下命令来验证安装，并确认软件版本：
$ yum list installed php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd
Loaded plugins: extras_suggestions, langpacks, priorities, update-motd
Installed Packages
php-cli.x86_64 7.2.16-1.amzn2.0.1 @amzn2extra-php7.2
php-fpm.x86_64 7.2.16-1.amzn2.0.1 @amzn2extra-php7.2
php-json.x86_64 7.2.16-1.amzn2.0.1 @amzn2extra-php7.2
php-mysqlnd.x86_64 7.2.16-1.amzn2.0.1 @amzn2extra-php7.2
php-pdo.x86_64 7.2.16-1.amzn2.0.1 @amzn2extra-php7.2
$ which php
/usr/bin/php
$ php --version
PHP 7.2.16 (cli) (built: Apr 3 2019 18:39:35) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies