In this episode of 'Back To Basics', Anuj discusses database sharding as a solution for horizontally scaling relational databases. He explains how database sharding can help companies facing scalability challenges due to rapid growth in customer numbers and database size. The video covers the concept of sharding, various sharding techniques, and the implementation process using Amazon RDS. Anuj also highlights the benefits of sharding, such as improved performance and resiliency, while addressing potential challenges like hot spotting and increased application complexity. This informative guide is essential for businesses looking to optimize their database performance and prepare for future growth.