This video tutorial demonstrates how to use AWS IAM roles to securely grant EC2 instances access to S3 buckets. The presenter walks through creating an IAM role with S3 read-only permissions and attaching it to an EC2 instance, eliminating the need for access keys. This approach improves security by using temporary credentials managed by AWS. The demo shows how to create the role in the IAM console, attach it to an EC2 instance, and verify S3 bucket access from the instance.