In this deep dive into the AWS Nitro System, Ali Saidi, a senior principal engineer at AWS, explores the innovative technologies powering Amazon EC2 instances. The presentation covers the evolution of Nitro, from its beginnings in networking offload to its current state as a comprehensive virtualization solution. Saidi discusses how Nitro's purpose-built chips and modular design have enabled AWS to improve security, performance, and innovation in cloud computing. Key topics include the benefits of custom silicon, the architecture of Nitro cards and controllers, and how Nitro enhances networking, storage, and overall system security. The talk also touches on recent advancements like ENA Express and the integration of Nitro with various AWS services, demonstrating how this technology has revolutionized EC2 instance capabilities and paved the way for future innovations in cloud infrastructure.