This Guidance demonstrates best practices for running development and operations (DevOps) on Amazon Redshift using both open source software and AWS services. DevOps is a set of practices that combine software development and IT operations to provide continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD). It can help customers establish an agile software development process, shorten the development lifecycle, and deliver high-quality software.
Please note: [Disclaimer]
Architecture Diagram
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AWS Services
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Open Source Software
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AWS Services
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This architecture displays best practices for running development and operations (DevOps) on Amazon Redshift using AWS services.
Click to enlarge
Step 1
Add or modify Data Definition Language or Data Manipulation Language (DDL/DML) scripts in the configuration files. Commit changes into AWS CodeCommit.Step 2
CodeCommit invokes a code build using configuration specified in the buildspec.yml file. The build is based on pre_build, build, and post_build commands.Step 3
AWS CodeBuild builds the container image and pushes it to AWS CodeDeploy.
Step 4
CodeDeploy pushes the container image to the Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository.
Step 5
Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster extracts the latest image from Amazon ECR and deploys it as a new cluster. A task is defined to run application code like a service.
Step 6
Amazon EKS cluster picks up the container image, reads configuration in the Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket to determine the invoking step, connects with the Amazon Redshift cluster, and invokes the DDL/DML code.
Step 7
Code is deployed in the Amazon Redshift cluster environment, the task completes, and the deployment service waits for another change to the DDL/DML script.Step 1
Add or modify Data Definition Language or Data Manipulation Language (DDL/DML) scripts in the configuration files. Commit changes into AWS CodeCommit.Step 2
CodeCommit invokes a code build using configuration specified in the buildspec.yml file. The build is based on pre_build, build, and post_build commands.Step 3
AWS CodeBuild builds the container image and pushes it to AWS CodeDeploy.
Step 4
CodeDeploy pushes the container image to the Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository.
Step 5
Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster extracts the latest image from Amazon ECR and deploys it as a new cluster. A task is defined to run application code like a service.
Step 6
Amazon EKS cluster picks up the container image, reads configuration in the Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket to determine the invoking step, connects with the Amazon Redshift cluster, and invokes the DDL/DML code.
Step 7
Code is deployed in the Amazon Redshift cluster environment, the task completes, and the deployment service waits for another change to the DDL/DML script. -
Open Source Software
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This architecture displays best practices for running development and operations (DevOps) on Amazon Redshift using open source software.
Click to enlarge
Step 1
Add or modify DDL/DML scripts in configuration files. Commit changes into GitHub for deployment.Step 2
GitHub uses a webhook to start the build process on Jenkins. A declarative pipeline job in Jenkins is kicked to start the build process.Step 3
Jenkins builds a Docker container image using the configuration specified in the Docker file. Once an image is built, the Jenkins job pushes the image to Docker Hub.
Step 4
Jenkins job pulls the latest Docker Hub image, and creates a new container, invoking the DDL/DML scripts specified in the configuration file.
Step 5
A Docker container with the latest image is invoked to deploy the changes in multiple environments. Logs and test results in the Docker container are saved to the mapped Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) directory.
Step 6
The code performed in the Docker container checks each performed step from config files, and saves it in an Amazon S3 bucket. In the event of container restart, the last saved checkpoint is used.
Step 1
Add or modify DDL/DML scripts in configuration files. Commit changes into GitHub for deployment.Step 2
GitHub uses a webhook to start the build process on Jenkins. A declarative pipeline job in Jenkins is kicked to start the build process.Step 3
Jenkins builds a Docker container image using the configuration specified in the Docker file. Once an image is built, the Jenkins job pushes the image to Docker Hub.
Step 4
Jenkins job pulls the latest Docker Hub image, and creates a new container, invoking the DDL/DML scripts specified in the configuration file.
Step 5
A Docker container with the latest image is invoked to deploy the changes in multiple environments. Logs and test results in the Docker container are saved to the mapped Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) directory.
Step 6
The code performed in the Docker container checks each performed step from config files, and saves it in an Amazon S3 bucket. In the event of container restart, the last saved checkpoint is used.
Well-Architected Pillars
The AWS Well-Architected Framework helps you understand the pros and cons of the decisions you make when building systems in the cloud. The six pillars of the Framework allow you to learn architectural best practices for designing and operating reliable, secure, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable systems. Using the AWS Well-Architected Tool, available at no charge in the AWS Management Console, you can review your workloads against these best practices by answering a set of questions for each pillar.
The architecture diagram above is an example of a Solution created with Well-Architected best practices in mind. To be fully Well-Architected, you should follow as many Well-Architected best practices as possible.
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Operational ExcellenceRead the Operational Excellence whitepaper
This Guidance ensures you are well-architected by helping you evaluate your workloads against other best practices. One way this is accomplished is by using configuration as code, which allows teams to manage config files from a centralized location. Another way to ensure continual improvement is through feedback loops, which are implemented within this Guidance through GitHub, where the feedback received is prioritized and implemented as different versions of this Guidance are released.
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SecurityRead the Security whitepaper
For secure authentication and authorization, Amazon EC2 uses private keys for enhanced security. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is used for AWS services with least privileged access granted, while non-root accounts are used to perform scripts and workloads in Amazon EC2 instances and containers.
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ReliabilityRead the Reliability whitepaper
To ensure you have a reliable application-level architecture, this Guidance saves Jenkins container configurations in an Amazon EC2 directory. The external configuration makes Jenkins stateless, providing you with the ability to restart when needed. Compute used in this Guidance is also stateless, so in case of failures, the Guidance can be restarted without configuration changes.
Logs and metrics are captured directly within the Amazon EC2 instance and Amazon CloudWatch sends notifications when thresholds are crossed or significant events occur. This Guidance also enables recovery from disaster events by performing the DDL and DML scripts that are saved configurations (these are YAML formatted templates that define an environment's version, tier, configuration option settings, and tags).
When configuration or code changes are needed, this Guidance uses GitHub (an open source environment) and CodeCommit to deploy the changes.
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Performance EfficiencyRead the Performance Efficiency whitepaper
The services in this Guidance are built and meet the functional capabilities needed to deploy this Guidance's best practices. To experiment with this Guidance and optimize it based on your data, you can deploy this Guidance with an AWS CloudFormation template and experiment with:
- Creating different Amazon Redshift clusters and running SQL scripts, such as changing the INI files.
- Customizing the Docker build (inject any additional libraries and dependencies) by using Dockerfile, a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image.
- Adding configuration for the Jenkins job build with a Jenkinsfile, a text file that contains the definition of a Jenkins Pipeline, and is checked into source control.
- Changing to build process details with buildspec.yml, a collection of build commands and related settings in YAML format.
We recommend you deploy the Amazon EC2 instance in the same Region with the Amazon Redshift cluster to reduce connection latency while performing the SQL statement commands.
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Cost OptimizationRead the Cost Optimization whitepaper
Except for Amazon EC2 instances, all services in this Guidance are serverless. If you use CloudFormation, it deploys to a virtual private cloud (VPC) that displays costs associated with the Guidance. Because this Guidance is deployed in a contained VPC, there are no data transfer charges. We do recommend you stop any instances when not in use to reduce costs.
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SustainabilityRead the Sustainability whitepaper
Except for Amazon EC2, the serverless components in this Guidance help reduce your carbon footprint by scaling to continually match your workloads while ensuring that only the minimum resources are required.
Implementation Resources
The sample code is a starting point. It is industry validated, prescriptive but not definitive, and a peek under the hood to help you begin.
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Disclaimer
The sample code; software libraries; command line tools; proofs of concept; templates; or other related technology (including any of the foregoing that are provided by our personnel) is provided to you as AWS Content under the AWS Customer Agreement, or the relevant written agreement between you and AWS (whichever applies). You should not use this AWS Content in your production accounts, or on production or other critical data. You are responsible for testing, securing, and optimizing the AWS Content, such as sample code, as appropriate for production grade use based on your specific quality control practices and standards. Deploying AWS Content may incur AWS charges for creating or using AWS chargeable resources, such as running Amazon EC2 instances or using Amazon S3 storage.
References to third-party services or organizations in this Guidance do not imply an endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation between Amazon or AWS and the third party. Guidance from AWS is a technical starting point, and you can customize your integration with third-party services when you deploy the architecture.