My main use case for Sharepoint 2010 on Windows server 2012r2-24x7 is that it is one tool for collaboration that we all need. I use Sharepoint as an enterprise solution to allow my team to collaborate and share information and files effectively. As an enterprise solution, I have used this for several very large programs that I have been in charge of the technical side.
One specific example of how my team uses Sharepoint for collaboration and file sharing in one of those large programs is a massive database retooling for our application suite. The second large program was for a very large divestiture, to ensure all data belonging to the divested team is identified and transmitted to the purchasing organization. We have team Sharepoint 2010 on Windows server 2012r2-24x7 sites set up for both programs and within the various workstreams. Each workstream had its own site.