Hardened Ruby on CentOS Stream 9

Charges for this image cover the security hardening, optimization, and pre-integration work Hanwei performs on top of the upstream Ruby and CentOS Stream 9 projects. Ruby 3.0 is installed during the image build with RubyGems and the development headers, so ruby and gem are on PATH at first boot, while the operating system underneath is configured to a fixed hardened and tuned baseline and validated on EC2 before publication. A subscriber launches the instance and can install gems and run applications immediately.

What Hanwei Adds to Upstream Ruby

• Interpreter installed at build time: Ruby 3.0 comes from the CentOS Stream 9 AppStream repository together with RubyGems and the ruby-devel headers, so ruby and gem are on PATH and the openssl extension is available.
• Build dependencies preinstalled: gcc, make, pkgconf and the OpenSSL development headers are present, so gems with native extensions compile from source without further setup.
• Tuning baseline applied identically across the catalogue: the file descriptor limit goes from 1024 to 65536 and the memory-map ceiling from 65530 to 262144; the device receive backlog goes from 1000 to 16384 and the TCP SYN backlog from 128 to 8192, so bursts queue instead of being dropped; socket buffer maxima reach 16 MB for larger autotuned windows; connections keep their congestion window across idle periods; and the journal is capped at 500 MB. The profile raises ceilings only and does not alter protocol semantics or application behaviour.
• Applied hardening beyond the distribution default: SSH is limited to a vetted cipher, key exchange and MAC list, X11 forwarding is off, the login grace period is shortened and verbose authentication logging is on; auditd runs a base rule set for privileged command execution; the kernel drops ICMP redirects on IPv4 and IPv6, logs martian packets, filters reverse paths in loose mode, restricts dmesg, disables setuid core dumps and turns off sysrq.
• AWS operational integration: the SSM Agent is installed and enabled for Session Manager and Patch Manager without an inbound SSH rule; chrony points at the Amazon Time Sync Service; and the root filesystem extends at boot when the volume exceeds the image default.
• Patch level set at the build date: packages come from official upstream repositories at the newest level published when the image was built.
• Repeatable build and EC2 validation: each version comes from the same build process and is launched and exercised on EC2 before release.

Access and Security Posture

• SELinux runs in enforcing mode and auditd records activity against a base rule set.
• Sign in as 'ec2-user' with the key pair selected at launch, then use 'sudo su -' for a root shell. Session Manager is available as an alternative that needs no inbound port.
• Direct root login over SSH is disabled and password authentication is not accepted.
• No authorized keys and no SSH private keys are embedded in the image.

Operational Impact on EC2

• Launch-to-first-run time is reduced to a single boot cycle.
• Every instance starts from an identical configuration, removing drift between development, staging and production hosts.
• Network services need no per-host limit or backlog adjustment before handling load.
• Clock accuracy comes from the Amazon Time Sync Service, which matters for log correlation and request signing.
• Post-launch patching effort is lower because the package set is current at release.

Where This Image Fits

• Hosts running Ruby web applications and background job workers.
• Build and CI hosts that install gem dependencies and run test suites against Ruby 3.0.
• Automation and scripting hosts that rely on Ruby tooling.
• Development instances for teams whose applications are validated against the 3.0 series.

About Ruby and CentOS Stream 9

Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented language designed for programmer productivity, with a broad standard library and the RubyGems package ecosystem behind its web frameworks and tooling. Version 3.0 added Ractor for parallel execution, a scheduler interface for non-blocking fibers and the RBS language for type signatures, and it made case/in pattern matching a stable feature.

CentOS Stream 9 is a Linux distribution that tracks the development stream of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Packages land in CentOS Stream before they appear in a RHEL minor release, so it stays close to the RHEL package set and toolchain while remaining freely redistributable. It uses dnf, systemd and SELinux, which makes it a predictable base for server workloads that need RHEL compatibility.