Overview
Kali Linux (formerly known as BackTrack Linux) is an open-source, Debian-based Linux distribution aimed at advanced Penetration Testing and Security Auditing. It does this by providing common tools, configurations, and automations which allows the user to focus on the task that needs to be completed, not the surrounding activity.
Kali Linux contains industry specific modifications as well as several hundred tools targeted towards various Information Security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics, Reverse Engineering, Vulnerability Management and Red Team Testing.
Kali Linux is a multi-platform solution, accessible and freely available to information security professionals and hobbyists.
Highlights
- Advanced penetration testing platform
- Hundreds of security tools
- Cloud-Init support for customized configuration
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Delivery details
64-bit (x86) Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
An AMI is a virtual image that provides the information required to launch an instance. Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) instances are virtual servers on which you can run your applications and workloads, offering varying combinations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking resources. You can launch as many instances from as many different AMIs as you need.
Version release notes
This listing is based on Kali Linux (2025.4 - rolling) AMD64
Release: 2025-12-12 Changelog: https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-linux-2025-4-release/
Credentials information: https://www.kali.org/docs/introduction/default-credentials/
For more information about upgrading, please see: https://www.kali.org/docs/general-use/updating-kali/
Additional details
Usage instructions
Once your instance is running, connect to it with your SSH private key using the "kali" account. For more information, please see: https://www.kali.org/docs/introduction/default-credentials/
For more information about our AWS cloud image, please see: https://www.kali.org/docs/cloud/aws/
If you are performing penetration testing, please refer to the AWS Testing Request for more information: https://aws.amazon.com/security/penetration-testing/
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AWS Support is a one-on-one, fast-response support channel that is staffed 24x7x365 with experienced and technical support engineers. The service helps customers of all sizes and technical abilities to successfully utilize the products and features provided by Amazon Web Services.
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Customer reviews
Ethical testing has strengthened my applications and protects performance and reputation
What is our primary use case?
The main use case for Kali Linux is to test my own applications to ensure that they are secure, so I have pursued ethical hacking for my own applications.
I typically set up tests by using tools which are out of the box in Kali Linux such as Nmap for port scanning, and for the applications that I build, I am trying to identify the underlying hardware that they are running on, checking for any open ports which could introduce security vulnerabilities into my application. I also have sent packets to my web applications that I built previously, such as a website that I self-host, and I use Wireshark for packet analysis to see if I can understand information about the request, such as where it is coming from.
From using Nmap for port scanning, I have probably identified about 10% security improvements in my own applications just by closing ports which I did not realize were open but did not need to be.
What is most valuable?
The best features Kali Linux offers, in my opinion, include being maintained by a reputable group, Offensive Security, and it is very much seen as the industry standard OS for ethical hacking. Because of a large user base, there have been many developments to make Kali Linux an all-in-one solution. I understand that Kali Linux is preloaded with maybe 500 security tools, so for anything from web security, such as using Burp Suite, to using Metasploit for exploit frameworks, I can use Kali Linux for anything ethical hacking based, making it really an all-in-one solution.
Kali Linux has impacted my organization positively because it has allowed for the better security of my applications. The benefit here from security is multi-fold, including financial benefits because if the chance for exploitation is lower, then the chance to rack up server costs by being exploited is also lower, which is great, and also reputationally and from compliance perspectives, having that increased security benefits me.
What needs improvement?
The only real limitation I can see with Kali Linux is the steep learning curve of using it. Even though the tools are pre-installed, it is definitely not point and click. I need specialized knowledge of how to use it, and while the documentation is very good, I feel that for some users, it could be potentially overwhelming and also potentially dangerous as I could maybe damage networks if I do not know what I am doing. If there were video courses attached to how to safely use it, especially for absolute beginners with no previous experience using Linux operating systems, I think that could be very useful.
For how long have I used the solution?
I have used Kali Linux for around one year.
What do I think about the stability of the solution?
Kali Linux is very stable. It is maintained very well by Offensive Security, and due to the huge user base that uses it, it is kept up to date regularly.
What do I think about the scalability of the solution?
I would describe Kali Linux's scalability as very scalable because I can deploy it on a range of different machines, whether that is my laptop or using maybe Raspberry Pi or Android. I can deploy it on all these different types of devices, and with it being open source, it is very easy to download over the internet.
How are customer service and support?
I have never interacted with customer support for Kali Linux before, but I imagine if support was needed, it would be very good because their documentation is good.
How would you rate customer service and support?
How was the initial setup?
My experience with pricing, setup cost, and licensing has been very good. The cost is free to download, so that is very good.
What was our ROI?
I have seen a return on investment with security improvements since using Kali Linux, and money saved because it is an open-source tool and free to use. There are no financial costs needed upfront, other than maybe if I am booting it from a USB, I might potentially need to buy that USB. The money saved from using Kali Linux means if I am able to make my applications more secure, I could easily see financial improvements.
What's my experience with pricing, setup cost, and licensing?
The cost is free to download, so that is very good.
What other advice do I have?
Out of all those built-in tools and features, I find myself using Wireshark quite a lot for packet analysis, and I have tried to bombard my web application with a large number of packets. I then use Wireshark to examine information regarding those packets, such as the geolocation of where they have come from and how many packets per second are trying to hit the application. I found that quite useful, especially when I am trying to understand the scalability and elasticity of my application. I also use cloud monitoring tools such as Grafana and built-in tools with Google Cloud in combination with Wireshark, which enables me to analyze packets and scalability from different angles.
My advice to others looking into using Kali Linux is to go ahead and use it because it is free. I can download it and give it a try, and there is a lot of advice online about how to use it. I rate this product a 10 out of 10.
Ethical hacking workflows have become faster and save significant time and cost
What is our primary use case?
My main use case for Kali Linux is for reconnaissance and VAPT purposes like ethical hacking, and when I have to go through long scripts running to scan the targets. For reconnaissance or VAPT , a quick specific example is that for subdomain enumeration, I use tools such as Subdomainer and Sublist3r in Kali. Sometimes I also use Nuclei templates for the automation purpose of the VAPT process.
What is most valuable?
Kali Linux comes with pre-installed ethical hacking tools in the terminal that you can use directly. You do not need to separately install each tool and its dependencies. All of them come with the same OS, which makes it very useful.
The best features that Kali Linux offers are that it is faster, has a better response, and has fewer system requirements to utilize it. When I run a script on a GUI-based automation tool, it typically takes around ten to fifteen minutes. However, while using the CLI feature in Kali Linux, it gives me the output within one to two minutes. The performance is also better due to the ARM architecture that Kali comes with.
Kali Linux has positively impacted my organization by providing all the tools and many methodologies we need for ethical hacking or VAPT requirements in a combined bundle in one OS. We do not need to go to other platforms to download separate tools and waste a lot of time doing that. It basically shortens that period of time.
What needs improvement?
While Kali Linux has gotten better over the past years, it could be improved if it was bundled in a CLI-only pack. Currently, I use an ISO pack in a VM. A CLI version of Kali that comes with all dependencies pre-installed would be much better. I do not feel it requires anything else. I am currently satisfied with whatever is available.
For how long have I used the solution?
I have been using Kali Linux for around two years.
What do I think about the stability of the solution?
In my experience, Kali Linux is quite stable. Sometimes dependency issues come up, but if you are a technical person, you can handle it. That is not much of a task.
What do I think about the scalability of the solution?
Kali Linux is quite scalable. You can use it on cloud, VPS, and on-premises. I can say it is scalable. We can share the same VPS among peers using SSH. They can also work on that. It also has a good load balancing capability, so it is good in the scalability part.
How are customer service and support?
I have not gone through customer support for Kali Linux, so I cannot give much of an idea about it. I never needed it.
How would you rate customer service and support?
Which solution did I use previously and why did I switch?
I previously used Linux, but the tools which I required for the VAPT part did not get pre-installed in that. I switched back to Kali Linux, as it was also suggested by my peers to use it.
How was the initial setup?
For licensing, we do not require any. For a small team, we do not need any licensing. We can directly install Kali Linux. It is open source. We can install it on our system and it is ready to use. All the tools come with it, so we do not need to do any complicated tasks. It is better.
What was our ROI?
I save around eight hundred to nine hundred dollars monthly by using Kali Linux. This is because the equivalent on-market tools have quite hefty charges. They are private and require a paid subscription to use. In Kali Linux, similar open-source tools are available for the same purpose.
Which other solutions did I evaluate?
Before choosing Kali Linux, I evaluated other options such as Arch Linux and Parrot OS. I compared these three platforms and then chose Kali Linux. I think it is the best.
What other advice do I have?
If you want to use Kali Linux, my advice is to explore other options, compare them, and then know your needs before choosing Kali Linux. If you are looking for faster, better performance or scalability, then Kali Linux is the best. If you want a better GUI or something else, then you can go for Arch or Parrot OS. Those operating systems are also in the market. However, the benefit Kali Linux provides and its community is also good, so Kali Linux is far better than others. I have given this review a rating of eight point five out of ten.
Learning security research tools has deepened my Linux knowledge but still needs clearer ethical focus
What is our primary use case?
My main use case for Kali Linux during my educational and research projects was primarily for vulnerability research and cybersecurity research. I used it for understanding the ecosystem and learning about operating systems.
A specific example of how I used Kali Linux for vulnerability research involved exploring the security research products that Kali Linux offers. I watched tutorials to understand how these tools work, and then I conducted practical vulnerability testing to understand the functionality. For learning Linux, I chose Kali Linux because it had many required tools prepackaged, which made it an appealing option. I used it to understand how the Linux ecosystem works, how the kernel functions, and how commands operate. I conducted most of my Linux-related education through Kali Linux.
What is most valuable?
I believe the best features Kali Linux offers are being a Linux distribution with many prepackaged tools needed for vulnerability research, which is invaluable.
Out of the prepackaged tools, I found everything was very beneficial during my research.
Kali Linux has impacted my work and personal projects positively by providing an accessible platform to understand the entire Linux ecosystem. It has helped me with engaging side projects, not in a business capacity, but in all other ways it has been helpful.
What needs improvement?
I think Kali Linux is good, but there is a widespread misunderstanding related to Kali Linux because many people believe Kali Linux is a tool for hackers and that anything can be hacked using it. This is a misconception that needs to be addressed.
For how long have I used the solution?
I have been using Kali Linux for two years, but I want to highlight that my use case was not within my current organization. It was primarily for my educational and research purposes and is not related to my current working organization.
What do I think about the stability of the solution?
In my experience, Kali Linux is stable.
What do I think about the scalability of the solution?
Kali Linux's scalability for my needs was adequate. I used it for educational purposes, so the scalability requirements were minimal and met my needs.
Which solution did I use previously and why did I switch?
Before Kali Linux, I used many other distributions such as Linux Mint, Ubuntu , and other Linux distributions. However, Kali Linux had many prepackaged solutions specialized for vulnerability research, which is why I chose to use it.
What's my experience with pricing, setup cost, and licensing?
My experience with pricing, setup cost, and licensing for Kali Linux has been that it was free to use.
Which other solutions did I evaluate?
Before choosing Kali Linux, I evaluated other options such as Linux Mint and Ubuntu .
What other advice do I have?
My advice to others looking into using Kali Linux is to learn it thoroughly because many people believe Kali Linux is an operating system for hackers and that anything can be hacked with it. This is not accurate. Kali Linux is a tool for security research and vulnerability researchers. I encourage you to approach it with this understanding and then start exploring it. Use it only as an educational tool and not for malicious purposes. I would rate this product a seven out of ten.
Which deployment model are you using for this solution?
If public cloud, private cloud, or hybrid cloud, which cloud provider do you use?
Reduced security workload but have faced dependency hurdles in complex cloud environments
What is our primary use case?
Kali Linux serves as the base OS across all my cloud environments. A typical task or project where Kali Linux plays a key role is that I have designated it as the base OS, which is the underlying operating system I use for all my cloud-native applications, with Kali Linux running across all the cloud nodes used for cloud-native products.
What is most valuable?
Kali Linux has positively impacted my organization significantly as it aids in red team work and penetration testing. It is not just red team work, as it also involves the blue team who defends and remediates issues, so having these tools available allows us to proactively identify issues rather than reactively, which is typically more difficult. Without these tools, the identification process is complicated and often only occurs after damage is done, making it critical that we utilize red team tools on a regular basis, allowing us to test, identify issues quickly, automate scans, and promptly notify teams to address fixes.
The best features that Kali Linux offers stand out because it is built out of offensive security and blue team validation. It is not only about red team tools but also includes a massive security tool set, boasting over 600 plus tools available via Kali Linux, which we utilize for recon, scanning, exploitation, penetration testing, among others, with various tools such as clients that we can run, along with Metasploit , Burp Suite, SQLMap, Aircrack, Reaver, Hashcat, Hydra, and others to test different scenarios.
Out of all those tools and capabilities, my favorite tools in Kali Linux that I find myself relying on the most are Burp Suite, which I frequently use, and based on Burp Suite issues, I can start the recon and then proceed to exploit using Metasploit or SQLMap, which are the second steps I take.
What needs improvement?
Kali Linux can be improved, as I have encountered challenges with dependencies that can be overwhelming. It is not always easy to deploy or run the tools without running into dependency issues, particularly on third-party private networks, so having pre-built packages could improve this situation.
For how long have I used the solution?
I have been using Kali Linux for around 10 years.
What do I think about the stability of the solution?
Kali Linux is stable.
What do I think about the scalability of the solution?
The scalability of Kali Linux is good.
How are customer service and support?
Customer support for Kali Linux has been great.
How would you rate customer service and support?
Positive
Which solution did I use previously and why did I switch?
Before Kali Linux, I used more Windows-based tools, which posed significant challenges.
How was the initial setup?
Deploying Kali Linux in my environment was easy, with no hurdles.
My experience with the configuration process was smooth, without any challenges.
What was our ROI?
I have seen a return on investment with Kali Linux, particularly in terms of needing fewer employees and the time saved, especially securing the business and protecting customer data.
What's my experience with pricing, setup cost, and licensing?
My experience with pricing, setup cost, and licensing is overall good.
Which other solutions did I evaluate?
We use a variety of other tech products, including a bunch of AWS services, CrowdStrike, Rapid7, Trend Micro, Datadog , Axonius , Splunk, and several others.
I am interested in analyst insights about other solutions.
What other advice do I have?
My advice to others looking into using Kali Linux is that it is a good security tool.
I have shared all valuable information, so I have no additional thoughts about Kali Linux.
I found this interview to be conducted well, and you are doing good.
I would appreciate a short poem or haiku that summarizes my review. I give this review a rating of five out of five.
If public cloud, private cloud, or hybrid cloud, which cloud provider do you use?
Pentesting toolkit has streamlined reconnaissance and accelerated real-world attack simulations
What is our primary use case?
I have been using Kali Linux for almost three to four years now.
I use Kali Linux for penetration testing purposes as well as red teaming activity. I also use it for solving machines in Hack The Box or TryHackMe.
There is a particular machine in Hack The Box which requires you to connect to their machines and perform reconnaissance as well as identify vulnerabilities in the system and exploit them in order to get the flags. That would be my recent use case.
For my coursework, which was a long time ago, I used Kali Linux for vulnerability scanning.
What is most valuable?
I think the plethora of tools that come built-in with Kali Linux is really helpful. There are a lot of categories which it provides, starting from reconnaissance to exploit. Since all of them are already built-in, I don't have the necessity to go and install every single one of them. Kali Linux has a really good suite of tools already built-in, which is one of the best features that comes to my mind.
I would definitely say the reconnaissance-based tools are my favorite in Kali Linux. There are a lot of reconnaissance tools available. Outside of that, I also use Metasploit and other exploitation tools. However, it predominantly lies with reconnaissance and exploitation.
One feature I found cool was that you can disguise Kali Linux as just another operating system, such as Windows, when you are using it outside.
A good amount of time is saved when it comes to scanning and reconnoitering infrastructure with Kali Linux.
Kali Linux has a variety of tools and a variety of word lists present, which makes it a lot easier to choose between options. For example, for subdomains, there are a bunch of them. Particularly for finding the fields of requests, there are many options. All of this makes it easier rather than going to the web to search for a particular list and curating the list for a particular thing. In that case, I would say it is saving me a good amount of time.
What needs improvement?
I feel there is not much for me to say in this because as far as all the products that I have used within Kali Linux, it has never probably been hung up on me or it was pretty smooth overall. I do not really recollect any instance where I felt this could be improved or that could be improved.
The overall theme of Kali Linux seems pretty good. However, something about it might be improved, maybe the overall smoothness of it, because there are sometimes when I try to run a lot of applications, it tries to hang up on me. That might be an area for improvement.
For how long have I used the solution?
I have been using Kali Linux for two and a half years.
What do I think about the stability of the solution?
To most parts, Kali Linux is stable in my experience nine out of ten times.
What do I think about the scalability of the solution?
I have no scalability issues with Kali Linux.
Which solution did I use previously and why did I switch?
I had worked with Parrot OS, but I did not like the interface, so I switched to Kali Linux.
What other advice do I have?
I cannot speak for the organization as a whole, but Kali Linux is used quite a lot in my team, and particularly by me. It does help me to increase my pace when it comes to the reconnaissance process and also while solving machines in Hack The Box.
Kali Linux is a very good tool and a good overall operating system to use when it comes to penetration testing, as it has a wonderful set of tools. You just need to search for the right tools within it because it offers a plethora of tools. It might be a good way to start identifying what the tools are best suited for your environment and what your needs are.
I have not had to get back to them anytime regarding support for Kali Linux. My overall rating for this product is nine out of ten.