My main use case for CentOS is mostly development, as I use it when I have to create large builds over AWS EC2 instances. That is the main reason I use CentOS.
A specific example of a project where CentOS was especially helpful for my development work is when I had an application with a backend build that took a long while to build on my local machines. I used an EC2 instance to do that because it has more compute power than my local machine, so I used it with CentOS to build my application.
Other than that, hosting front-end applications back when I started working in the field was also a use case for CentOS, as I would use an EC2 machine with CentOS to host my front-end application alongside the backend applications and containers.
When using CentOS on EC2 for builds, I noticed it is around three to five times faster, especially considering my local machine is not that great with CPU resources, so it is quite faster than my local machine.