Introducing a managed hook for Guard

In today’s cloud-driven world, maintaining compliance and enforcing organizational policies across your infrastructure is more critical than ever. AWS CloudFormation, a service that enables you to model, provision, and manage AWS and third-party resources through Infrastructure as Code (IaC), has been a cornerstone for automating cloud deployments. While CloudFormation simplifies resource management, ensuring compliance with internal and external standards requires robust tools and strategies to align with organizational and regulatory requirements.

Enter the new managed hook for Guard, a new hook designed to seamlessly integrate compliance into your AWS CloudFormation workflows. AWS CloudFormation Hooks are a powerful tool that allow you to validate and enforce policies during the provisioning and management of resources in your CloudFormation stacks. With a Guard hook, you can now bring your AWS CloudFormation Guard rules directly into your CloudFormation stacks, change sets, and individual resources. This feature eliminates the need to incorporate the Guard runtime into custom hooks, simplifying compliance enforcement and enhancing your security posture.

What is a Guard hook?

A Guard hook is a service-managed CloudFormation Hook that integrates AWS CloudFormation Guard—a policy-as-code tool—directly into your CloudFormation deployment process. AWS CloudFormation Guard uses a domain-specific language (DSL) to define compliance rules in an easily readable and reusable format, enabling you to codify and enforce organizational policies. This hook allows you to automatically validate your CloudFormation templates against these established compliance rules, enforcing policies seamlessly without the need to manage custom Lambda functions or Guard runtimes. By identifying non-compliant resources early, it helps streamline deployments and ensures that your infrastructure aligns with organizational standards right from the start.

Benefits of Using a Guard hook

Guard hooks provide unique advantages by combining the flexibility of CloudFormation Hooks with the expressiveness of the Guard Domain Specific Language (DSL), giving you a powerful tool for infrastructure compliance and security. As a fully managed CloudFormation hook, Guard hooks eliminate the need for a custom hook implementation and management, allowing you to leverage AWS’s service-driven infrastructure to streamline policy enforcement.With a Guard hook, you can express compliance rules and configurations directly in the Guard DSL.

Guard hooks specifically add value by enabling these Guard-based compliance policies to be applied automatically during stack operations. This helps validate that your infrastructure consistently aligns with security and compliance standards, reducing the risks of misconfiguration and non-compliance. Additionally, Guard hooks allow you to take advantage of CloudFormation’s native stack-level and resource-level hooks, adding depth to your compliance by enforcing policies across entire stacks and individual resources alike.

Use Cases

Guard hooks can be applied in various scenarios to enhance compliance and security. In security compliance, for instance, it can ensure that all databases and storage services have encryption enabled or prevent security groups from allowing unrestricted inbound traffic. Regarding resource configuration, it can enforce the use of approved EC2 instance types or require specific tags on all resources for cost tracking and management.

For operational governance, Guard hooks can validate that resources do not exceed predefined thresholds, such as storage size, ensuring that resources are provisioned within acceptable limits. It can also enforce network policies by ensuring the use of approved VPCs and subnets, maintaining network security and compliance with organizational standards.

A resource hook in CloudFormation targets individual resources within a template, such as EC2 instances, S3 buckets, or IAM roles. It is particularly useful for enforcing specific standards or compliance requirements on individual resources, thereby helping customers ensure each one meets defined criteria. For instance, you could use a resource-level hook to enforce that every S3 bucket created through CloudFormation has server-side encryption enabled. In contrast, a stack or change set hook targets the entire CloudFormation stack as a single entity, allowing for the application of guardrails or validation requirements across all resources within the stack collectively. This helps to ensure that the entire stack, not just individual resources, aligns with set policies before the stack is created or updated. For example, a stack-level hook could be used to prevent a stack from containing certain types of resources or to ensure that a specific number of resources are created in each stack. Together, these hooks provide different layers of validation to enforce compliance and configuration standards at both the resource and stack levels.

Getting Started

Getting started with a Guard hook involves configuring the hook, uploading your Guard rules to Amazon S3, activating the hook, and enabling it to run against your CloudFormation stacks. Below are the detailed steps to help you set up and start using Guard Hook effectively.

Pre-requisites Create an Amazon S3 Bucket

If you do not have one already, you will need to create an S3 bucket in your region. This bucket will hold your Guard policy files and optionally the full Guard evaluation output if so desired.

Configuring a Guard hook Create your rule

In this section, you will provide an example of AWS CloudFormation Guard rules that help enforce best practices for Amazon S3 buckets. Please create a file called safebucket.guard and include the following rules:

# Rule Identifier:
#    S3_BUCKET_PUBLIC_WRITE_PROHIBITED
#
# Select all S3 resources from the incoming template (payload)
#
let s3_buckets_public_write_prohibited = Resources.*[ Type == 'AWS::S3::Bucket' ]

rule S3_BUCKET_PUBLIC_WRITE_PROHIBITED when %s3_buckets_public_write_prohibited !empty {
  %s3_buckets_public_write_prohibited.Properties.PublicAccessBlockConfiguration exists
  %s3_buckets_public_write_prohibited.Properties.PublicAccessBlockConfiguration.BlockPublicAcls == true
  %s3_buckets_public_write_prohibited.Properties.PublicAccessBlockConfiguration.BlockPublicPolicy == true
  %s3_buckets_public_write_prohibited.Properties.PublicAccessBlockConfiguration.IgnorePublicAcls == true
  %s3_buckets_public_write_prohibited.Properties.PublicAccessBlockConfiguration.RestrictPublicBuckets == true
  <<
    Violation: S3 Bucket public write access must be restricted.
    Fix: Set the S3 Bucket PublicAccessBlockConfiguration properties—BlockPublicAcls, BlockPublicPolicy, IgnorePublicAcls, RestrictPublicBuckets—to true.
  >>
}

# Rule Identifier:
#    S3_BUCKET_VERSIONING_ENABLED
#
# Select all S3 resources from the incoming template (payload)
#
let s3_buckets_versioning_enabled = Resources.*[ Type == 'AWS::S3::Bucket' ]

rule S3_BUCKET_VERSIONING_ENABLED when %s3_buckets_versioning_enabled !empty {
  %s3_buckets_versioning_enabled.Properties.VersioningConfiguration exists
  %s3_buckets_versioning_enabled.Properties.VersioningConfiguration.Status == 'Enabled'
  <<
    Violation: S3 Bucket versioning must be enabled.
    Fix: Set the S3 Bucket property VersioningConfiguration.Status to 'Enabled'.
  >>
}

In this file, you can define rules to prevent public write access and require versioning on all S3 buckets. Here’s what the two rules in this example do:

• S3_BUCKET_PUBLIC_WRITE_PROHIBITED:
  • This rule identifies S3 buckets within a CloudFormation template and checks if the public write access is restricted. It ensures that each S3 bucket has PublicAccessBlockConfiguration properties enabled to block public ACLs, block public policies, ignore public ACLs, and restrict public buckets. If a bucket does not meet these criteria, a violation message is triggered, instructing the user to set these properties to true.
• S3_BUCKET_VERSIONING_ENABLED:
  • This rule targets S3 buckets and verifies that versioning is enabled. The rule checks if the VersioningConfiguration property exists and has its Status set to 'Enabled'. If this configuration is missing or set incorrectly, it alerts the user to enable versioning on the S3 bucket, providing an additional layer of data protection.

These rules help you maintain strict security and operational best practices by ensuring that S3 buckets are configured according to compliance requirements. Place these rules in safebucket.guard, and you’re ready to start applying them to your CloudFormation templates using Guard Hook to enforce policies without any manual intervention.

Upload your rules to S3

The Guard hook expects your policy files to be uploaded to an S3 bucket to then be pulled down during hook execution time. The hook expects your rules to be either a single .guard file, or multiple .guard files uploaded as a .zip or .tar.gz

Once you have uploaded your Guard rule or Guard rules bundle to S3, take note of the S3 URI of the uploaded object, as you will need this later to configure the Guard hook. Example: s3://your-bucket-name/safebucket.guard

You can also get the S3 URI by copy-pasting it from the console

Authoring the Hook

You can author and activate a Guard hook from the console, CLI, and using the AWS::CloudFormation::GuardHook CloudFormation resource.

Console

You can use the new console flow to define and activate your hook. Click on Create a Hook and choose With Guard.

1. You can type in your Guard rules S3 URI from the step before, or you can browse your S3 bucket using the console button.
2. You can configure the hook by performing the following steps:
   1. In the Hook Name field, enter My::Company::GuardHook.
   2. Under Hook Targets, select both Stacks and Resources. By selecting both Stacks and Resources under Hook Targets, you’re instructing CloudFormation to apply your hook validations at both levels. This ensures that individual resources and the overall stack comply with your defined policies, providing a comprehensive safeguard across deployments.
   3. For Hook Mode, choose Fail.
   4. In Execution Role, select New execution role and enter my-guard-hook-role for the name if you want CloudFormation to create the necessary role and permissions. Alternatively, an IAM role ARN you created manually (learn more here).
3. While we didn’t include a filter in this example, you can limit the executions of the hook to the intended resource types by using a filter. For more information about filters view our documentation page. You can skip to the next step if you do not have anything to filter.
4. Review the hook details and then click the Activate Hook button.

CLI

export AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=<Your_Account_Id>

aws cloudformation activate-type --type HOOK \
--type-name AWS::Hooks::GuardHook \
--publisher-id aws-hooks \
--type-name-alias MyCompany::Hooks::GuardHook \
--execution-role arn:aws:iam::${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}:role/<Your_ExecutionRole_Name> \
--region eu-central-1

Note: You can create your own type-name-alias → MyCompany::Hooks::GuardHook is just an example

Using the CloudFormation resource

Using the AWS::CloudFormation::GuardHook resource in a CloudFormation template allows you to enforce compliance checks and validations on your AWS resources before creating, modifying, or deleting them within a stack. By specifying Guard rules using the Guard domain-specific language (DSL), you can define policies to assess resource configurations and security standards. When integrated into a CloudFormation template, AWS::CloudFormation::GuardHook evaluates the resources during stack operations and can either block non-compliant actions or provide warnings, depending on the configuration. This tool benefits organizations by automating governance, enhancing security, and reducing manual intervention, which help ensure that deployments adhere to best practices and compliance requirements consistently across environments.

Here is an example of how to create a Guard hook with the AWS::CloudFormation::GuardHook resource in a YAML file.

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Resources:
  GuardHookRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      RoleName: GuardHookExecutionRole
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: hooks.cloudformation.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      Policies:
        - PolicyName: S3AccessPolicy
          PolicyDocument:
            Version: '2012-10-17'
            Statement:
              - Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - s3:GetObject
                  - s3:GetObjectVersion
                  - s3:PutObject
                  - s3:ListBucket
                Resource: 
                  - arn:aws:s3:::<YourBucket>/*
                  - arn:aws:s3:::<YourBucket>

  MyGuardHook:
    Type: AWS::CloudFormation::GuardHook
    Properties:
      Alias: "my::guard::hook"
      ExecutionRole: !GetAtt GuardHookRole.Arn
      FailureMode: FAIL
      HookStatus: ENABLED
      LogBucket: "mysafebucket"
      RuleLocation:
        Uri: "s3://<YourBucket>/safebucket.guard"
      TargetOperations:
        - STACK
        - RESOURCE

For more about AWS::CloudFormation::GuardHook , see our docs.

Testing your hook (non-compliant stack)

Now at this point, the Guard Hook should be running against all S3 buckets deployed via CloudFormation stacks in your account. We can confirm this by creating a new stack, from the CLI.

To do so, create a file named s3-fail.yaml and add the following content:

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09"
Description: This template creates a simple s3 bucket
   
Resources:
  DemoBucket:
   Type: AWS::S3::Bucket

Create a stack, and specify your template in the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). In the following example, specify the stack name as my-fail-stack and the template name as s3-fail.yaml.

aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name my-fail-stack --template-body file://s3-fail.yaml

View Hook Invocations

Console

1. From Stack Events tab, enable Hook Invocations field
   
2. You can see the completed assessment and the result in summarized view (how many rules compliant vs. not) and Stack status based on your hook mode:

CLI

1. View stack events by running below command:
   aws cloudformation describe-stack-events --stack-name my-fail-stack
2. You can see the completed assessment and the result (how many rules compliant vs. not compliant as part of describe-stack-events. As the Hook Failure Mode is set to Fail, you can see the stack status: CREATE_FAILED due to Hook failure.

               ...
               "EventId": "my-fail-stack-d7943992-9366-4d3a-8bad-9695a5f6b310",
               "StackName": "my-fail-stack",
               "LogicalResourceId": "my-fail-stack",
               "PhysicalResourceId": "",
               "ResourceType": "STACK",
               "Timestamp": "2024-11-12T15:54:29.582000+00:00",
               "ResourceStatus": "CREATE_IN_PROGRESS",
               "HookType": "My::Company::GuardHook",
               "HookStatus": "HOOK_COMPLETE_FAILED",
               "HookStatusReason": "Hook failed with message: Template failed validation, the following rule(s) failed: S3_BUCKET_PUBLIC_WRITE_PROHIBITED, S3_BUCKET_VERSIONING_ENABLED.",
               "HookInvocationPoint": "PRE_PROVISION",
               "HookFailureMode": "FAIL"
           }

Viewing Guard hooks output from Log Bucket

If you specified the logging bucket, now you can view the Guard hook invocation json and evaluate the output stored in your S3 bucket.

Console

CLI

You can download the log file by running the command below:

aws s3api get-object --bucket <Your log bucket> --key <insert_the-cfn-guard-validate-report-key.json> <Your_Outfile_DirectoryandName>

For more information about downloading S3 Object, see our docs.

Testing your hook (compliant stack)

To do so, create a file named s3-pass.yaml and add the following content:

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09"
Description: This template creates a simple S3 bucket with versioning enabled and public write access disabled

Resources:
  DemoBucket:
   Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
   Properties:
      VersioningConfiguration:
        Status: Enabled
      PublicAccessBlockConfiguration:
        BlockPublicAcls: true
        IgnorePublicAcls: true
        BlockPublicPolicy: true
        RestrictPublicBuckets: true

Notice in the template, our bucket now does not allow public write access and enables versioning.

Create a stack, and specify your template in the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). In the following example, specify the stack name as my-pass-stack and the template name as s3-pass.yaml.

aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name my-pass-stack --template-body file://s3-pass.yaml

View Hook Invocations

Console

1. You can see the completed assessment and the the bucket was created.
   

CLI

1. View stack events by running below command:
   aws cloudformation describe-stack-events --stack-name my-pass-stack
2. You can see the completed assessment and the result (how many rules compliant vs. not compliant as part of describe-stack-event

              ...
               "StackName": "my-pass-stack",
               "LogicalResourceId": "DemoBucket",
               "PhysicalResourceId": "my-pass-stack-demobucket-rmm9cngo70xq",
               "ResourceType": "AWS::S3::Bucket",
               "Timestamp": "2024-11-12T17:01:41.898000+00:00",
               "ResourceStatus": "CREATE_COMPLETE",
               "ResourceProperties": "{\"PublicAccessBlockConfiguration\":{\"RestrictPublicBuckets\":\"true\",\"BlockPublicPolicy\":\"true\",\"BlockPublicAcls\":\"true\",\"IgnorePublicAcls\":\"true\"},\"VersioningConfiguration\":{\"Status\":\"Enabled\"}}",
               "ClientRequestToken": "Console-CreateStack-46ec0d77-5d2b-3e2a-9c82-fcce5e60a2f5"
           },

Guard hooks revolutionize the way you enforce compliance and security policies within your AWS infrastructure. By leveraging a service-managed hook, you can seamlessly integrate policy validation into your CloudFormation deployments without additional operational overhead.

Take advantage of Guard hooks today to:

• Simplify compliance enforcement.
• Enhance your security posture.
• Streamline your deployment workflows.
• Focus on innovation rather than infrastructure management.

Ready to enhance your cloud compliance and security? Start integrating Guard hooks into your CloudFormation templates and experience a new level of simplicity and efficiency in policy enforcement.

Additional Resources

• AWS Guard Rules Registry
  Github AWS AWS Guard Rules Registry
• AWS CloudFormation Guard Documentation
  AWS CloudFormation Guard User Guide
• Guard hooks Reference
  Using Guard Hook Documentation
• GitHub Repository
  AWS CloudFormation Guard on GitHub
• Tutorials and Workshops
  Implementing Compliance as Code with AWS CloudFormation Guard
  AWS Workshops: CloudFormation Guard