How to live stream pre-recorded video using AWS Elemental MediaLive

In this blog post I walk you through how to live stream pre-recorded videos using AWS Elemental MediaLive. This use case is ideal for customers who want to retain control of their messaging by pre-recording their videos and reach a larger audience using multiple social channels like Twitch, YouTube, and Facebook. In 2020, due to the global pandemic, historically in-person events had to be held virtually. With this shift, customers asked for a workflow to provide a better user experience and also reach a broader global audience with multiple time-zones; re-streaming the same event became a new requirement.

This how to provides you with an on-demand, serverless, and cost-effective live streaming workflow that makes use of MP4 file for ingestion and distribution to multiple channels. The MediaLive workflow wizard lets you quickly set up the entire workflow that I’m going to walk you through. If you are looking to stream your live event with live inputs, take a look at Live Streaming on AWS Solution.

Architecture overview

Solution Architecture diagram including Amazon S3, Elemental MediaLive, Elemental MediaStore, Amazon CloudFront to social channels and multiple OTT devices

Overview

Create an Amazon S3 Bucket
Upload the pre-recorded video to Amazon S3 Bucket
Create a MediaStore container
Create a CloudFront distribution
Create a MediaLive Input
Create a MediaLive Channel
Create a Social Channel Output (Optional)
Start the MediaLive Channel
Stop the MediaLive Channel

Prerequisites

Be sure to have the following to get the most out of this blog post. All are recommended but not required.

Required Prerequisites:

an AWS account
a Twitch / YouTube / Facebook account and/or the stream key (required for an optional step)

Recommended Prerequisites

prior experience with MediaLive
prior experience with AWS Elemental MediaStore
prior experience with Amazon CloudFront

Before diving in, we recommend familiarizing yourself with the services used throughout this post.

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an object storage service that offers industry-leading scalability, data availability, security, and performance.
AWS Elemental MediaLive is a broadcast-grade live video processing service.
AWS Elemental MediaStore is an AWS storage service optimized for media.
Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds, all within a developer-friendly environment.

Cost disclaimer

The AWS resources needed to build this workflow are not covered by the Free Tier, so you will incur additional cost while running. You are responsible for the cost of the AWS services used while running this workflow. Remember to clean up your resources once finished to avoid charges due to long-running resources. For example, for the AWS Ireland Region this workflow costs $1.63 per hour without the Twitch setup, and costs $2.05 per hour with the Twitch setup, excluding the view-based data transfer out to the internet charges for the CloudFront. For more information see the CloudFront pricing page.

Walkthrough

I am going to walk you through the deployment of this workflow using the AWS Management Console. Following these steps, you are going to create an end-to-end live streaming workflow using your pre-recorded MP4 video as an input and output to multiple channels. Then you are going to watch your stream on your player or on your Twitch channel.

Step 1: Create an Amazon S3 Bucket

To store pre-recorded MP4 video, you need to create an Amazon S3 Bucket. This video is going to be the input for your live stream.

To create an Amazon S3 Bucket:

Sign in to the AWS Management Console
In the Amazon S3 console, choose Create bucket
On the Create Bucket page, configure the following settings:
For Bucket name, enter a DNS-compliant name for your bucket
For AWS Region, choose the AWS Region where you want the bucket to reside
Choose Create Bucket

Create an Amazon S3 Bucket using AWS Management Console

Step 2: Upload the pre-recorded video to Amazon S3 Bucket

Now that you created an Amazon S3 Bucket, upload your pre-recorded video to the Amazon S3 Bucket. You can upload video to the Amazon S3 Bucket using AWS Console.

To upload using the AWS Console:

In the Amazon S3 console, under Buckets, choose your newly created bucket
Under Objects, choose Upload
Under Files and folder, choose Add files, choose your pre-recorded video file
Choose Upload

Step 3: Create a MediaStore container

Create a MediaStore container to be used as a media optimized origin for Content Delivery Network (CDN). MediaLive is going to use the container to store HLS manifests and segments.

To create a MediaStore container:

In the MediaStore console, choose Create container
For Container name, enter a name for the container
Choose Create

Create a MediaStore container

Once the container has been created successfully, choose the container name.

You need to update the MediaStore container policy to make the container objects read-only accessible to the CloudFront distribution.

To edit the MediaStore container policy:

On the Container page, choose Container policy
Choose Edit policy
Make a note of the arn of your container, then copy/paste the following code
Replace the resource value with your noted arn of your container
Choose Save

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "PublicReadOverHttps",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": ["mediastore:GetObject", "mediastore:DescribeObject"],
      "Principal": "*",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:mediastore:<region>:<owner acct number>:container/<container name>/*",
      "Condition": {
        "Bool": {
            "aws:SecureTransport": "true"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Edit the MediaStore Container policy

To create a MediaStore Container CORS policy:

On the Container page, choose Container CORS policy
From Create new policy, choose Create custom policy
Copy and paste the following policy
Choose Save

To improve security, change the MediaStore Container CORS policy to restrict read access for a specific domain. Check out the example CORS policy to give read access for a specific domain.

[
  {
    "AllowedOrigins": [
      "*"
    ],
    "AllowedMethods": [
      "GET"
    ],
    "AllowedHeaders": [
      "*"
    ],
    "MaxAgeSeconds": 3000,
    "ExposeHeaders": [
      "*"
    ]
  }
]

Create a MediaStore Container CORS policy

To create a MediaStore Object lifecycle policy:

On the Container page, choose Object lifecycle policy
From Create new policy, choose Create custom policy
Copy and paste the following policy
Choose Save

{
  "rules": [
    {
      "definition": {
        "path": [ {"wildcard": "*.ts"} ],
        "seconds_since_create": [
          {"numeric": [">", 300]}
        ]
      },
      "action": "EXPIRE"
    }
  ]
}

To create a MediaStore Metric policy:

On the Container page, choose Metric policy
From Create new policy, choose Create custom policy
Copy and paste the following policy
Choose Save

{
"ContainerLevelMetrics": "ENABLED"
}

Step 4: Create a CloudFront distribution

Now you can create a CloudFront Distribution using MediaStore as origin.

To create a CloudFront distribution:

In the CloudFront console, choose Create Distribution
Choose Get Started
For Origin Domain Name, choose the MediaStore container that you created earlier
For Origin Protocol Policy, choose HTTPS Only
Under Default Cache Behavior Settings
1. For Viewer Protocol Policy, choose Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
2. for Allowed HTTP Methods, choose GET, HEAD, OPTIONS
3. for Origin Request Policy, choose Create a new Policy
  1. for Name, enter a name for your policy
  2. for Headers, choose Whitelist, then choose Origin, and then choose Add header
  3. choose Create cache policy
4. for Origin Request Policy, choose refresh, then choose the recently created origin request policy

Choose Create Distribution
Copy and note the Domain Name.

We are going to use the CloudFront Domain Name in the following steps to view our output.

Create a CloudFront Distribution using MediaStore as origin

Step 5: Create a MediaLive Input

Create an MP4 pull input using pre-recorded video stored on an Amazon S3 Bucket.

To create a MediaLive MP4 pull Input:

Open the MediaLive console
In the navigation pane, choose Inputs
On the Inputs page, choose Create input
For Input name, enter a name
For Input type, choose MP4
For Input class, choose SINGLE_INPUT
Under Input source A, for URL, enter URL of the MP4 video stored on an Amazon S3 Bucket in the following URL format
Choose Create

s3ssl://YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME/CONTENT_OBJECT_KEY.mp4

Create a MediaLive MP4 pull input

Step 6: Create a MediaLive Channel

Create a MediaLive Channel to transcode your video and deliver it to MediaStore or social channels like Twitch.

To create a MediaLive Channel:

Open the MediaLive console
In the navigation pane, choose Channels
On the Channels page, choose Create channel
In the Channel and input details section, in the General info section, for Channel name, enter a channel name
For IAM role
1. If you have an existing IAM role, choose Use existing role and select the IAM role from drop-down list
2. If you don’t have IAM role, choose Create role from template

Create a MediaLive Channel, set channel name and IAM Role

In the Channel template section, for Template, choose Live Event – HLS from the drop-down list
For Channel Class, choose SINGLE_PIPELINE
In the Input specifications section, for Input codec, choose AVC, for Input resolution, choose HD, for Maximum input bitrate, choose MAX_10_MBPS

Create a MediaLive Channel, select channel template Live Event – HLS, channel Class and Input specifications like Input codec, input resolution, and maximum input bitrate

In the Output delivery section, for Delivery method, choose Public
Under Output groups, in the HD section, in the HLS group destination A, for URL, paste your MediaStore container Data Endpoint then add /live to the end. Replace “https” with “mediastoressl” in the URL
HLS settings section, for CDN Settings, choose HLS media store

Create a MediaLive Channel, edit destination to MediaStore and change CDN settings

In the Input attachments section, choose Add
For Input, select the input from drop-down list
For Attachment name, enter an input name
Choose Confirm

Attach an Input for the MediaLive channel

Choose Create channel

Step 7: Create a Social Channel Output (Optional)

To deliver your stream to social channels like Twitch, create an RTMP Push output group. If you don’t want to stream to social channels, you can skip this part and continue from Starting the MediaLive Channel section.

Once the MediaLive channel has been created, edit MediaLive channel to add an RTMP output group.

To create an RTMP Push output group:

Open the MediaLive console
On the Channels page, choose the channel name
Choose Channel actions, and then choose Edit channel
Under Output groups, choose Add
Choose RTMP, then choose Confirm

Add an RTMP output group to MediaLive Channel

For Name, enter a name for the social channel
In the RTMP outputs section, for Actions, choose Settings
In the RTMP destination A section, for URL, enter RMTP ingest URL provided by the social channel (Twitch, YouTube, Facebook) For example, for Twitch use rtmp://rtmp.twitch.tv/
For Stream Name, enter the stream key provided by the social channel. For example, for Twitch go to stream settings on your browser by replacing [username] with your Twitch username in the following url https://dashboard.twitch.tv/u/[username]/settings/stream, then copy the primary stream key

Twitch dashboard, stream settings, copy the primary stream key

Update the MediaLive Channel, enter RTMP URL and stream key for the social channel

In the Stream settings section, under Video
1. for Width, enter a width that is less than or equal to your input video’s width
2. for Height, enter a height that is less than or equal to your input video’s height
3. for Codec Settings, choose 264
In the Stream settings section, under Audio 1, for Codec Settings, choose AAC
Choose Update channel

Update the MediaLive Channel, edit Stream settings like Width, Height, Codec for the social channel

If you want to add additional social channel, repeat all steps in the RTMP Push output group section. Please note that width, height, frame rate, and bitrate settings impact your MediaLive cost. For more information check out the MediaLive pricing page.

Step 8: Start the MediaLive Channel

Now you are ready to start your MediaLive Channel.

To start your live stream:

Open the MediaLive console
On the Channels page, choose the channel that you want to start
Choose Start.

Your channel should be started streaming within ~1-2 minutes on average. You can monitor your channel status on your channels detail page, from Channel state.

Start the MediaLive Channel

HLS Output

You need to take out the CloudFront Domain Name from your notes to construct HLS main manifest URL. It should be in the form of https://[id].cloudfront.net. You need to append /live.m3u8 to the end of the CloudFront URL. End result should be similar the following address. Please note that your CloudFront Domain Name is going to be different than the example below.

Sample CloudFront Domain Name

To watch the output stream on your browser:

Copy the code below to your favorite text editor
Replace the {STREAM_URL} with your constructed HLS main manifest URL
Save it as HTML file
Open the HTML file on your favorite browser
Play the live stream

To make the demo player cross-browser and HLS compatible, I use the Video.js, an open source HTML5 player framework.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8 />
<title>Sample Player</title>
  
<link href="https://vjs.zencdn.net/7.3.0/video-js.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://vjs.zencdn.net/7.3.0/video.min.js"></script>

</head>
<body>
    <h1>Sample Player</h1>
    <video id="example-video" width=960 height=540 class="video-js vjs-default-skin" controls>
    <source
        src="{STREAM_URL}"
        type="application/x-mpegURL">
    </video>

<script>
var player = videojs('example-video');
player.play();
</script>

</body>
</html>

The sample player, the live stream

If you follow the Twitch option, you may also go to your Twitch channel on your browser to watch the live stream. It should be in the form of https://www.twitch.tv/[ChannelName]

Twitch live stream

Step 9: Stop the MediaLive Channel

At the end of your live stream, don’t forget to stop your MediaLive channel.

To stop your MediaLive Channel:

Open the MediaLive console
On the Channels page, choose the channel that you want to stop
Choose Stop

Clean up

To avoid incurring future charges, delete the resources that has been created by following this blog post including Amazon S3 Bucket, MediaLive Channel, MediaStore container, and CloudFront distribution. Keeping a MediaLive channel active without running results in incurring $0,01 an idle resource cost per hour. For more information check out the MediaLive pricing page. Please note that I have tested this workflow on the AWS Ireland Region and AWS Frankfurt Region.

Conclusion

In this blog post, I demonstrated how to use the AWS Elemental MediaLive to live stream your pre-recorded videos. We set up a live streaming workflow using a pre-recorded video as an input and then live streamed to your website and optionally to social channels like Twitch. To setup the entire workflow quickly, use the MediaLive workflow wizard. To learn more, check out the MediaLive workflow wizard.

AWS offers the most purpose-built services for direct-to-consumer (D2C) & streaming to help companies reliably deliver, monetize, and support live and on-demand media over the internet, and bring unparalleled experiences to screens everywhere. Explore https://aws.amazon.com/media/direct-to-consumer-d2c-streaming/ to learn more.

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